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Episode 6: A “misogynist” AI recruiting tool showed bias against women

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When we try to define Artificial Intelligence, we can simply describe it as « the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. » Nevertheless, by thinking like a human, can a machine become one? i.e can it develop human characteristics? Can it have emotions, opinions, or judgmental behaviour? Is it possible, for example, to judge people according to criteria not mentioned in the algorithm?In 2014, a team at Amazon’s Edinburgh office created an AI program that automatically sorts through CVs and picks out the most promising candidates. But by 2015, the company realized its new system was not rating candidates for software developer jobs and other technical posts in a gender-neutral way: the new recruiting engine “did not like women”.The reason why Amazon’s program penalized any resumes that contained the word “women’s”, is the fact that the system was trained on data submitted by people over a 10-year period, most of which came from men.

In fact, it’s a reflection of male dominance across the tech industry over the past 10 years as shown in the following graph.

 

When Amazon machine-learning specialists uncovered the big problem, they edited the programs in an attempt to fix the bias. However,  according to them, there was no guarantee that the machines would not devise other ways of sorting candidates that could prove discriminatory. As a result, Amazon lost faith in the AI recruitment tool’s ability to be neutral and abandoned the project altogether. 

Despite the big problem Amazon has faced with the recruitment engine, other companies are forging ahead, underscoring the eagerness of employers to harness AI for hiring. Microsoft Corp’s MSFT.O LinkedIn, the world’s largest professional network, has gone further. It offers employers algorithmic rankings of candidates based on their fit for job postings on its site.

But again, what prevents the system from teaching itself to prefer male candidates over female ones? “How to ensure that the algorithm is fair, how to make sure the algorithm is really interpretable and explainable – that’s still quite far off,” said Nihar Shah, a computer scientist who teaches machine learning at Carnegie Mellon University.

Using technology to widen the hiring net and reduce reliance on subjective opinions of human recruiters is every employer’s dream. But can technology really be objective? Well, from what we’ve seen thus far, there is still much work to do.

Resource:

Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women

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Sciences et technologie

Chapter 2 : England, the Discovery of Vaccines.

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Fast breathing, clenched fists, and hunched shoulders are common signs of tension that most people show as the vaccination syringe approaches the body whilst 300 years ago people took the same syringe with great joy and hope.
The reason is that we are clueless of what humanity endured before the « blessing » of vaccines came to light.
Let me tell you the tale of one of humankind’s greatest inventions through the eyes of a time walker. This invention actually underwent a lengthy process of discovery, development, and improvement that lasted for centuries.

And our wanderer walked down the lane of the 1700s, when English physician Edward Jenner overheard a girl boasting to her friend that she would not contract smallpox because she had already contracted cowpox and she will have a flawless face free from pox blisters.

The doctor thought that the idea was brilliant even though it seemed silly.
Why not provide cowpox vaccination instead of the usual inoculation which involved inserting fresh smallpox material, such as blisters from a sick individual, under the skin of a nonimmune person considering that 3 percent of people died due to variolation using the previous method?
Smallpox and cowpox both belong to the same family « poxviridae » and once the disease is transferred from cows to people, it became weakened
In order to give the immune system the memory it needs to fight smallpox once it enters the body, the doctor came up with the brilliant idea of infecting his patients with cowpox, which is contagious but much less dangerous than what smallpox can do to a human. He called this procedure « the variolae vaccine » and performed it on a boy for the first time. In 1796, at that same time, the idea of a modern vaccination was born. The boy lived and showed no signs of smallpox. And Edward Jenner branded himself as « the father of immunology » in history.
From that time until 1850, vaccination evolved, and then the arm-to-arm vaccination practice emerged, posing a safety concern because this new method of immunization allows for the transmission of bacteria and other diseases from one person to another.
Sydney Cooper, a microbiologist, discovered in 1896 that adding glycerin to the blistering agent used during the procedure could make this vaccination safer.
As a result, scientists were able to create the vaccine « dryvax, » which was used in the 1967 big WHO vaccination campaign that was a complete success.
The smallpox was eradicated, and research continued in the years that followed to reduce the vaccine’s side effects and make it more effective.
With knowledge, observation, try and error as well as the absurd notion of a normal girl, which we can term « luck » and the culminated work of many minds, many hands, many hearts during hundreds of years, this holly tool of science was created.
People like us who were born in an era where a new vaccine could be developed in one or one and a half year to stop a worldwide pandemic are unable to appreciate the blessing that this discovery brought to the world.

One of the deadliest diseases in human history, smallpox is believed to have killed hundreds of millions of people throughout history with a death rate of 30%, compared to coronavirus’s 3%, just to imagine the nightmare it caused to humanity; the battle that humans won against it is one of history’s greatest victories.
Granted with hardiness and protection, waiting for the secret work of a needle in their bodies, with calm breaths and relaxed shoulders people received their vaccine.
May humanity always strive in preserving a world rich of life and vitality.

Written By : Nada Arfaoui.

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